Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
Cortical nephrons can be distinguished from juxtamedullary nephrons by ____________.
A. their filtration rate
Their filtration rate: Both types of nephrons have similar filtration rates; the difference lies primarily in their structure and location.
B. their location within the renal cortex
Their location within the renal cortex: Cortical nephrons are located primarily in the renal cortex, while juxtamedullary nephrons are located closer to the medulla and have long loops of Henle that extend deep into the medulla.
C. the size of their renal corpuscle
The size of their renal corpuscle: The renal corpuscle size does not differ significantly between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons.
D. whether they drain into a collecting duct or directly into the renal pelvis
Whether they drain into a collecting duct or directly into the renal pelvis: All nephrons drain into a collecting duct; none drain directly into the renal pelvis.
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Full Explanation
A. Their filtration rate: Both types of nephrons have similar filtration rates; the difference lies primarily in their structure and location.
B. Their location within the renal cortex: Cortical nephrons are located primarily in the renal cortex, while juxtamedullary nephrons are located closer to the medulla and have long loops of Henle that extend deep into the medulla.
C. The size of their renal corpuscle: The renal corpuscle size does not differ significantly between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons.
D. Whether they drain into a collecting duct or directly into the renal pelvis: All nephrons drain into a collecting duct; none drain directly into the renal pelvis.
Similar Questions
The outermost layer of the digestive tract, which is composed of a thin layer of areola tissue:
A. mucosa (mucous membrane)
Mucosa (mucous membrane): The mucosa is the innermost layer of the digestive tract, not the outermost. It includes the epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae.
B. serosa (mesentery)
Serosa (mesentery): The serosa is the outermost layer of the digestive tract in parts where it is covered by peritoneum. It consists of a thin layer of areolar tissue topped by simple squamous epithelium.
C. muscularis externa
Muscularis externa: The muscularis externa is a layer of muscle in the digestive tract, located beneath the serosa. It is not the outermost layer.
D. submucosa
Submucosa: The submucosa is a layer of connective tissue located between the mucosa and muscularis externa. It is not the outermost layer.
Full Explanation
A. Mucosa (mucous membrane): The mucosa is the innermost layer of the digestive tract, not the outermost. It includes the epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae.
B. Serosa (mesentery): The serosa is the outermost layer of the digestive tract in parts where it is covered by peritoneum. It consists of a thin layer of areolar tissue topped by simple squamous epithelium.
C. Muscularis externa: The muscularis externa is a layer of muscle in the digestive tract, located beneath the serosa. It is not the outermost layer.
D. Submucosa: The submucosa is a layer of connective tissue located between the mucosa and muscularis externa. It is not the outermost layer.
Twins produced when a single egg is fertilized are called ______________twins. Twins produced from two eggs ovulated at the same time are called ______________ twins.
A. monozygotic; dizygotic
Monozygotic; dizygotic: Monozygotic twins are identical twins that result from the division of a single fertilized egg. Dizygotic twins, or fraternal twins, result from the fertilization of two separate eggs.
B. dizygotic; monozygotic
Dizygotic; monozygotic: This is the reverse of the correct order. Dizygotic twins come from two eggs, and monozygotic twins come from one egg.
C. monozygotic; identical
Monozygotic; identical: Monozygotic twins are identical, but this choice does not mention dizygotic twins, which makes it incomplete.
D. dizygotic; nonidentical
Dizygotic; nonidentical: While dizygotic twins are nonidentical, this choice does not properly define the types of twins produced by a single egg (monozygotic).
Full Explanation
A. Monozygotic; dizygotic: Monozygotic twins are identical twins that result from the division of a single fertilized egg. Dizygotic twins, or fraternal twins, result from the fertilization of two separate eggs.
B. Dizygotic; monozygotic: This is the reverse of the correct order. Dizygotic twins come from two eggs, and monozygotic twins come from one egg.
C. Monozygotic; identical: Monozygotic twins are identical, but this choice does not mention dizygotic twins, which makes it incomplete.
D. Dizygotic; nonidentical: While dizygotic twins are nonidentical, this choice does not properly define the types of twins produced by a single egg (monozygotic).
Which of the following is not a function of gastric hydrochloric acid (HCI)?
A. Destroy ingested pathogens
Destroy ingested pathogens: HCl in the stomach helps destroy ingested pathogens, providing a first line of defense against infections. Therefore, this is a correct function of HCl.
B. Convert Fe3+ to Fe2+
Convert Fe3+ to Fe2+: HCl aids in the conversion of iron from its ferric (Fe3+) to ferrous (Fe2+) form, which is more easily absorbed in the intestine. Therefore, this is a correct function of HCl.
C. Emulsify lipids
Emulsify lipids: Emulsification of lipids is the function of bile, not hydrochloric acid. HCl does not emulsify lipids. This is the correct answer.
D. Activate pepsinogen to pepsin
Activate pepsinogen to pepsin: HCl activates pepsinogen, converting it to the active enzyme pepsin, which is essential for protein digestion in the stomach. Therefore, this is a correct function of HCl.
Full Explanation
A. Destroy ingested pathogens: HCl in the stomach helps destroy ingested pathogens, providing a first line of defense against infections. Therefore, this is a correct function of HCl.
B. Convert Fe3+ to Fe2+: HCl aids in the conversion of iron from its ferric (Fe3+) to ferrous (Fe2+) form, which is more easily absorbed in the intestine. Therefore, this is a correct function of HCl.
C. Emulsify lipids: Emulsification of lipids is the function of bile, not hydrochloric acid. HCl does not emulsify lipids. This is the correct answer.
D. Activate pepsinogen to pepsin: HCl activates pepsinogen, converting it to the active enzyme pepsin, which is essential for protein digestion in the stomach. Therefore, this is a correct function of HCl.