Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
List the function(s) of lymph nodes. (Check all that apply.)
A. Filter lymph
Filter lymph: lymph nodes physically and biologically filter lymph, trapping pathogens and debris.
B. Immune surveillance
Immune surveillance: lymph nodes house lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells that monitor for and respond to foreign antigens.
C. Produce macrophages
Produce macrophages: lymph nodes contain macrophages (and support their activity), but macrophages differentiate from monocytes in tissues; nodes are not typically described as producing macrophages de novo.
D. Filter blood
Filter blood: the spleen primarily filters blood; lymph nodes filter lymph, not systemic blood.
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Full Explanation
A. Filter lymph: lymph nodes physically and biologically filter lymph, trapping pathogens and debris.
B. Immune surveillance: lymph nodes house lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells that monitor for and respond to foreign antigens.
C. Produce macrophages: lymph nodes contain macrophages (and support their activity), but macrophages differentiate from monocytes in tissues; nodes are not typically described as producing macrophages de novo.
D. Filter blood: the spleen primarily filters blood; lymph nodes filter lymph, not systemic blood.
Similar Questions
Name the two collecting ducts that drain the lymphatic trunks.
A. Bronchomediastinal duct and subclavian duct
Bronchomediastinal duct and subclavian duct: bronchomediastinal and subclavian are lymphatic trunks, not the two major collecting ducts.
B. Right and left thoracic ducts
Right and left thoracic ducts: there is a single thoracic duct (left-sided) and a separate right lymphatic duct; we do not have distinct “right and left thoracic ducts.”
C. Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct
Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct: the thoracic duct drains most of the body into the left subclavian vein, and the right lymphatic duct drains the right head/neck, right upper limb, and right thorax into the right subclavian vein.
D. Lumbar duct and left lymphatic duct
Lumbar duct and left lymphatic duct: “lumbar duct” is not a collecting duct term used in this context, and “left lymphatic duct” is another name sometimes used for the thoracic duct but paired with “lumbar duct” is not the standard two-collector pair.
Full Explanation
A. Bronchomediastinal duct and subclavian duct: bronchomediastinal and subclavian are lymphatic trunks, not the two major collecting ducts.
B. Right and left thoracic ducts: there is a single thoracic duct (left-sided) and a separate right lymphatic duct; we do not have distinct “right and left thoracic ducts.”
C. Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct: the thoracic duct drains most of the body into the left subclavian vein, and the right lymphatic duct drains the right head/neck, right upper limb, and right thorax into the right subclavian vein.
D. Lumbar duct and left lymphatic duct: “lumbar duct” is not a collecting duct term used in this context, and “left lymphatic duct” is another name sometimes used for the thoracic duct but paired with “lumbar duct” is not the standard two-collector pair.
Which of the following occurs during an adaptive immune response?
A. Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis: phagocytosis is mainly an innate immune function (macrophages, neutrophils) though phagocytes can interact with adaptive immunity.
B. Production of antibodies
Production of antibodies: antibody production by plasma cells (B-cell derived) is a hallmark of the adaptive immune response.
C. Production of interferon
Production of interferon: interferons are part of innate antiviral defenses and are produced early by infected cells and immune cells.
D. Production of defensins
Production of defensins: defensins are innate antimicrobial peptides produced by epithelial cells and neutrophils, not a specific adaptive response.
Full Explanation
A. Phagocytosis: phagocytosis is mainly an innate immune function (macrophages, neutrophils) though phagocytes can interact with adaptive immunity.
B. Production of antibodies: antibody production by plasma cells (B-cell derived) is a hallmark of the adaptive immune response.
C. Production of interferon: interferons are part of innate antiviral defenses and are produced early by infected cells and immune cells.
D. Production of defensins: defensins are innate antimicrobial peptides produced by epithelial cells and neutrophils, not a specific adaptive response.
Which of the following drains lymph from the majority of the body and enters into the left subclavian vein?
A. right lymphatic duct
Right lymphatic duct: the right lymphatic duct drains only the right upper quadrant (right head/neck, right arm, right thorax), not the majority of the body.
B. jugular trunk
Jugular trunk: the jugular trunk drains head/neck regions; it does not itself drain the majority of the body.
C. subclavian trunk
Subclavian trunk: the subclavian trunk drains upper limbs; it is a trunk, not the single duct that collects most lymph from the body.
D. thoracic duct
Thoracic duct: the thoracic duct collects lymph from the lower body, abdomen, left thorax, left head/neck, and left arm (the majority of the body) and empties into the left subclavian vein.
Full Explanation
A. Right lymphatic duct: the right lymphatic duct drains only the right upper quadrant (right head/neck, right arm, right thorax), not the majority of the body.
B. Jugular trunk: the jugular trunk drains head/neck regions; it does not itself drain the majority of the body.
C. Subclavian trunk: the subclavian trunk drains upper limbs; it is a trunk, not the single duct that collects most lymph from the body.
D. Thoracic duct: the thoracic duct collects lymph from the lower body, abdomen, left thorax, left head/neck, and left arm (the majority of the body) and empties into the left subclavian vein.