Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
Mucus, tears, saliva, and hair are all examples of what type of defense against potential pathogens?
A. Mononuclear phagocytic system
Mononuclear phagocytic system: that system (macrophages/monocytes) performs cellular phagocytosis, not the physical barriers listed.
B. Chemical barriers
Chemical barriers: some secretions (tears, saliva) contain chemical antimicrobials, but the items listed (mucus, hair) are primarily physical/mechanical barriers.
C. Adaptive defenses
Adaptive defenses: adaptive defenses are specific immune responses (antibodies, T cells), not the nonspecific physical barriers listed.
D. Mechanical barriers
Mechanical barriers: mucus, hair, and the physical flow of tears/saliva act as mechanical/physical barriers that trap or remove pathogens before they invade.
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Full Explanation
A. Mononuclear phagocytic system: that system (macrophages/monocytes) performs cellular phagocytosis, not the physical barriers listed.
B. Chemical barriers: some secretions (tears, saliva) contain chemical antimicrobials, but the items listed (mucus, hair) are primarily physical/mechanical barriers.
C. Adaptive defenses: adaptive defenses are specific immune responses (antibodies, T cells), not the nonspecific physical barriers listed.
D. Mechanical barriers: mucus, hair, and the physical flow of tears/saliva act as mechanical/physical barriers that trap or remove pathogens before they invade.
Similar Questions
What is the relationship between antigens and antibodies?
A. The presence of antibodies triggers the production of antigens.
The presence of antibodies triggers the production of antigens: antibodies are produced in response to antigens, not the other way around.
B. Antibodies can be foreign cells, proteins, or other large molecules. Antigens are large proteins made by B cells.
Antibodies can be foreign cells, proteins, or other large molecules. Antigens are large proteins made by B cells: this reverses definitions: antigens are foreign molecules/cells that stimulate immune response; antibodies are proteins produced (by B cells) that bind antigens.
C. Antigens function to destroy or neutralize antibodies.
Antigens function to destroy or neutralize antibodies: antigens elicit antibody production; they do not act to destroy antibodies.
D. The presence of an antigen triggers the production of antibodies.
The presence of an antigen triggers the production of antibodies: antigens (foreign proteins, polysaccharides, cells) stimulate B cells to differentiate into plasma cells that produce specific antibodies.
Full Explanation
A. The presence of antibodies triggers the production of antigens: antibodies are produced in response to antigens, not the other way around.
B. Antibodies can be foreign cells, proteins, or other large molecules. Antigens are large proteins made by B cells: this reverses definitions: antigens are foreign molecules/cells that stimulate immune response; antibodies are proteins produced (by B cells) that bind antigens.
C. Antigens function to destroy or neutralize antibodies: antigens elicit antibody production; they do not act to destroy antibodies.
D. The presence of an antigen triggers the production of antibodies: antigens (foreign proteins, polysaccharides, cells) stimulate B cells to differentiate into plasma cells that produce specific antibodies.
List the function(s) of lymph nodes. (Check all that apply.)
A. Filter lymph
Filter lymph: lymph nodes physically and biologically filter lymph, trapping pathogens and debris.
B. Immune surveillance
Immune surveillance: lymph nodes house lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells that monitor for and respond to foreign antigens.
C. Produce macrophages
Produce macrophages: lymph nodes contain macrophages (and support their activity), but macrophages differentiate from monocytes in tissues; nodes are not typically described as producing macrophages de novo.
D. Filter blood
Filter blood: the spleen primarily filters blood; lymph nodes filter lymph, not systemic blood.
Full Explanation
A. Filter lymph: lymph nodes physically and biologically filter lymph, trapping pathogens and debris.
B. Immune surveillance: lymph nodes house lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells that monitor for and respond to foreign antigens.
C. Produce macrophages: lymph nodes contain macrophages (and support their activity), but macrophages differentiate from monocytes in tissues; nodes are not typically described as producing macrophages de novo.
D. Filter blood: the spleen primarily filters blood; lymph nodes filter lymph, not systemic blood.
Name the two collecting ducts that drain the lymphatic trunks.
A. Bronchomediastinal duct and subclavian duct
Bronchomediastinal duct and subclavian duct: bronchomediastinal and subclavian are lymphatic trunks, not the two major collecting ducts.
B. Right and left thoracic ducts
Right and left thoracic ducts: there is a single thoracic duct (left-sided) and a separate right lymphatic duct; we do not have distinct “right and left thoracic ducts.”
C. Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct
Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct: the thoracic duct drains most of the body into the left subclavian vein, and the right lymphatic duct drains the right head/neck, right upper limb, and right thorax into the right subclavian vein.
D. Lumbar duct and left lymphatic duct
Lumbar duct and left lymphatic duct: “lumbar duct” is not a collecting duct term used in this context, and “left lymphatic duct” is another name sometimes used for the thoracic duct but paired with “lumbar duct” is not the standard two-collector pair.
Full Explanation
A. Bronchomediastinal duct and subclavian duct: bronchomediastinal and subclavian are lymphatic trunks, not the two major collecting ducts.
B. Right and left thoracic ducts: there is a single thoracic duct (left-sided) and a separate right lymphatic duct; we do not have distinct “right and left thoracic ducts.”
C. Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct: the thoracic duct drains most of the body into the left subclavian vein, and the right lymphatic duct drains the right head/neck, right upper limb, and right thorax into the right subclavian vein.
D. Lumbar duct and left lymphatic duct: “lumbar duct” is not a collecting duct term used in this context, and “left lymphatic duct” is another name sometimes used for the thoracic duct but paired with “lumbar duct” is not the standard two-collector pair.