Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
What is diapedesis?
A. The movement of white blood cells through blood vessel walls.
The movement of white blood cells through blood vessel walls: diapedesis (transmigration) is when leukocytes squeeze between endothelial cells to leave the bloodstream and enter tissues.
B. The formation of platelets from megakaryocytes.
The formation of platelets from megakaryocytes: that process is thrombopoiesis (platelet production), not diapedesis.
C. The squeezing of red blood cells through narrow capillaries.
The squeezing of red blood cells through narrow capillaries: RBCs deform to pass through capillaries, but that is not called diapedesis.
D. The filling of red blood cells with hemoglobin.
The filling of red blood cells with hemoglobin: hemoglobin synthesis and RBC maturation are separate processes, not diapedesis.
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Full Explanation
A. The movement of white blood cells through blood vessel walls: diapedesis (transmigration) is when leukocytes squeeze between endothelial cells to leave the bloodstream and enter tissues.
B. The formation of platelets from megakaryocytes: that process is thrombopoiesis (platelet production), not diapedesis.
C. The squeezing of red blood cells through narrow capillaries: RBCs deform to pass through capillaries, but that is not called diapedesis.
D. The filling of red blood cells with hemoglobin: hemoglobin synthesis and RBC maturation are separate processes, not diapedesis.
Similar Questions
What is the normal pH of blood?
A. 7.3 to 7.5
7.3 to 7.5: Correct (closest choice) -normal arterial blood pH is about 7.35–7.45, so 7.3–7.5 best matches the normal range given.
B. 7.6 to 7.8
7.6 to 7.8: this is alkalotic and well above normal physiologic range.
C. 6.8 to 7.0
6.8 to 7.0: this is severely acidotic and below normal.
D. 7.0 to 7.2
7.0 to 7.2: still acidotic and below the normal physiological range.
Full Explanation
A. 7.3 to 7.5: Correct (closest choice) -normal arterial blood pH is about 7.35–7.45, so 7.3–7.5 best matches the normal range given.
B. 7.6 to 7.8: this is alkalotic and well above normal physiologic range.
C. 6.8 to 7.0: this is severely acidotic and below normal.
D. 7.0 to 7.2: still acidotic and below the normal physiological range.
What is the primary function of lymphocytes?
A. To produce enzymes that dissolve blood clots.
To produce enzymes that dissolve blood clots: fibrinolytic enzymes (e.g., plasmin) handle clot breakdown; lymphocytes are not responsible for that.
B. To act against foreign substances.
To act against foreign substances: lymphocytes (B cells, T cells, NK cells) are central to adaptive immunity and target pathogens/foreign antigens.
C. To phagocytize damaged cells.
To phagocytize damaged cells: phagocytosis is mainly done by macrophages and neutrophils, not lymphocytes.
D. To release substances that initiate blood clots.
To release substances that initiate blood clots: platelets and clotting factor pathways initiate clotting; lymphocytes do not.
Full Explanation
A. To produce enzymes that dissolve blood clots: fibrinolytic enzymes (e.g., plasmin) handle clot breakdown; lymphocytes are not responsible for that.
B. To act against foreign substances: lymphocytes (B cells, T cells, NK cells) are central to adaptive immunity and target pathogens/foreign antigens.
C. To phagocytize damaged cells: phagocytosis is mainly done by macrophages and neutrophils, not lymphocytes.
D. To release substances that initiate blood clots: platelets and clotting factor pathways initiate clotting; lymphocytes do not.
Grant has a condition in which his immune system has attacked and destroyed his thyroid gland. This is an example of a(n)
A. autoimmune disease
autoimmune disease: when the immune system targets the body’s own tissues (e.g., Hashimoto thyroiditis), it is classified as an autoimmune disease.
B. tissue rejection reaction
tissue rejection reaction: tissue rejection refers to immune attack against a transplanted (non-self) organ, not the person’s own tissue.
C. secondary immune response
secondary immune response: a secondary immune response refers to the heightened response on re-exposure to an antigen (memory response), not self-destruction of an organ.
D. type IV hypersensitivity
type IV hypersensitivity: some autoimmune diseases involve cell-mediated (type IV) mechanisms, but autoimmune disease is the broader correct classification; not all autoimmune thyroid destruction is exclusively type IV.
Full Explanation
A. autoimmune disease: when the immune system targets the body’s own tissues (e.g., Hashimoto thyroiditis), it is classified as an autoimmune disease.
B. tissue rejection reaction: tissue rejection refers to immune attack against a transplanted (non-self) organ, not the person’s own tissue.
C. secondary immune response: a secondary immune response refers to the heightened response on re-exposure to an antigen (memory response), not self-destruction of an organ.
D. type IV hypersensitivity: some autoimmune diseases involve cell-mediated (type IV) mechanisms, but autoimmune disease is the broader correct classification; not all autoimmune thyroid destruction is exclusively type IV.