Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
What is the daily fluid requirement (total in 24 hours) for a child who weighs 70.4lb? Do not use a label- it is ml. in the answer.(Answer in 24-hour clock system)
A. 1740
Fluid Requirement (mL/24 hours) = Weight (kg) × Fluid Requirement (mL/kg) Given that the child weighs 70.4 pounds, we first need to convert this weight to kilograms (1 lb = 0.453592 kg): Weight in kg = 70.4 lb × 0.453592 kg/lb ≈ 31.89 kg Now, let's calculate the fluid requirement using the given choices: Fluid Requirement = 31.89 kg × 55 mL/kg = 1753.95 mL
B. 134056
This number is significantly larger than any reasonable fluid requirement and is likely an error.
C. 2
This value is far too low to represent the fluid requirements of a child.
D. 12
This value is also too low to represent the fluid requirements of a child. So, the correct answer is A) 1740 mL. The child's estimated daily fluid requirement would be around 1740 mL in a 24-hour period, based on a weight of 70.4 pounds.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - ATI PAEDIATRICS PROCTORED EXAM - SIMMONS U BSN. Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
Fluid Requirement (mL/24 hours) = Weight (kg) × Fluid Requirement (mL/kg)
Given that the child weighs 70.4 pounds, we first need to convert this weight to kilograms (1 lb = 0.453592 kg):
Weight in kg = 70.4 lb × 0.453592 kg/lb ≈ 31.89 kg
Now, let's calculate the fluid requirement using the given choices:
A) 1740:
Fluid Requirement = 31.89 kg × 55 mL/kg = 1753.95 mL
B) 134056:
This number is significantly larger than any reasonable fluid requirement and is likely an error.
C) 2:
This value is far too low to represent the fluid requirements of a child.
D) 12:
This value is also too low to represent the fluid requirements of a child.
So, the correct answer is A) 1740 mL. The child's estimated daily fluid requirement would be around 1740 mL in a 24-hour period, based on a weight of 70.4 pounds.
Similar Questions
A nurse is providing teaching to an adolescent who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Obtain an influenza vaccine annually
This is a crucial recommendation. People with diabetes, including type 1 diabetes, have a higher risk of complications from infections, including influenza (the flu). The flu can lead to elevated blood sugar levels and potentially worsen diabetes control. Getting an annual influenza vaccine helps reduce the risk of getting the flu and its associated complications.
B. Take glyburide with breakfast
Glyburide is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes, not type 1 diabetes. It stimulates the pancreas to produce more insulin. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by a lack of insulin production, so taking glyburide would not be appropriate.
C. Administer glucagon for hyperglycemia
Glucagon is a hormone used to raise blood sugar levels, typically in cases of severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). It is not used to treat hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) in type 1 diabetes. Instead, insulin administration is the primary method for managing high blood sugar levels.
D. Inject insulin in the deltoid muscle
Insulin injections for individuals with type 1 diabetes are typically given in the subcutaneous fat, which is found just beneath the skin. The deltoid muscle is not a recommended site for insulin injections due to inconsistent absorption. The abdomen, thighs, and buttocks are commonly recommended injection sites.
Full Explanation
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Individuals with type 1 diabetes require insulin therapy to manage their blood sugar levels. Since the question is about teaching an adolescent with type 1 diabetes, let's analyze each option:
A) Obtain an influenza vaccine annually:
This is a crucial recommendation. People with diabetes, including type 1 diabetes, have a higher risk of complications from infections, including influenza (the flu). The flu can lead to elevated blood sugar levels and potentially worsen diabetes control. Getting an annual influenza vaccine helps reduce the risk of getting the flu and its associated complications.
B) Take glyburide with breakfast:
Glyburide is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes, not type 1 diabetes. It stimulates the pancreas to produce more insulin. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by a lack of insulin production, so taking glyburide would not be appropriate.
C) Administer glucagon for hyperglycemia:
Glucagon is a hormone used to raise blood sugar levels, typically in cases of severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). It is not used to treat hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) in type 1 diabetes. Instead, insulin administration is the primary method for managing high blood sugar levels.
D) Inject insulin in the deltoid muscle:
Insulin injections for individuals with type 1 diabetes are typically given in the subcutaneous fat, which is found just beneath the skin. The deltoid muscle is not a recommended site for insulin injections due to inconsistent absorption. The abdomen, thighs, and buttocks are commonly recommended injection sites.
A nurse is assessing a child who has nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Smokey brown urine
This finding is not typically associated with nephrotic syndrome. Smokey brown urine might indicate the presence of blood in the urine, which can be seen in conditions such as hematuria or certain kidney infections.
B. Polyuria
Polyuria refers to excessive urination and is not a primary characteristic of nephrotic syndrome. However, children with nephrotic syndrome may have decreased urine output due to the loss of fluid and proteins through the damaged kidney filters.
C. Facial edema
Facial edema (swelling of the face) is a hallmark of nephrotic syndrome. The loss of albumin in the urine results in a decrease in oncotic pressure (a force that helps keep fluid in the blood vessels), leading to fluid accumulation in the interstitial spaces, including the face, ankles, and abdomen.
D. Hypertension
Hypertension (high blood pressure) is not a typical finding of nephrotic syndrome itself. However, it's possible for kidney damage to lead to secondary hypertension. In nephrotic syndrome, low levels of albumin can trigger the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which can contribute to increased blood pressure.
Full Explanation
A) Smokey brown urine:
This finding is not typically associated with nephrotic syndrome. Smokey brown urine might indicate the presence of blood in the urine, which can be seen in conditions such as hematuria or certain kidney infections.
B) Polyuria:
Polyuria refers to excessive urination and is not a primary characteristic of nephrotic syndrome. However, children with nephrotic syndrome may have decreased urine output due to the loss of fluid and proteins through the damaged kidney filters.
C) Facial edema:
Facial edema (swelling of the face) is a hallmark of nephrotic syndrome. The loss of albumin in the urine results in a decrease in oncotic pressure (a force that helps keep fluid in the blood vessels), leading to fluid accumulation in the interstitial spaces, including the face, ankles, and abdomen.
D) Hypertension:
Hypertension (high blood pressure) is not a typical finding of nephrotic syndrome itself. However, it's possible for kidney damage to lead to secondary hypertension. In nephrotic syndrome, low levels of albumin can trigger the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which can contribute to increased blood pressure.
A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has acute glomerulonephritis with peripheral edema and is producing 35 mL of urine per hour. The nurse should place the client on which of the following diets?
A. Low-protein, low-potassium diet
While low-protein and low-potassium diets can be appropriate for certain kidney conditions, such as chronic kidney disease, they are not typically the primary focus in the acute phase of glomerulonephritis. Protein restriction might be considered if there is significant kidney damage, and potassium levels are elevated.
B. Low-sodium fluid-restricted
This is the most appropriate option. In acute glomerulonephritis, the kidneys' ability to regulate sodium and fluid balance may be impaired due to inflammation and decreased glomerular filtration. Fluid retention and peripheral edema are common. A low-sodium diet helps reduce fluid retention and manage edema.
C. Low carbohydrate, low-protein diet
Low-carbohydrate and low-protein diets are not the main dietary considerations for acute glomerulonephritis. The primary focus is on managing sodium and fluid intake due to impaired kidney function.
D. Regular diet, no added salt
A regular diet without added salt might exacerbate the fluid retention and edema associated with acute glomerulonephritis. Sodium intake needs to be controlled to prevent further fluid buildup.
Full Explanation
A) Low-protein, low-potassium diet:
While low-protein and low-potassium diets can be appropriate for certain kidney conditions, such as chronic kidney disease, they are not typically the primary focus in the acute phase of glomerulonephritis. Protein restriction might be considered if there is significant kidney damage, and potassium levels are elevated.
B) Low-sodium fluid-restricted diet:
This is the most appropriate option. In acute glomerulonephritis, the kidneys' ability to regulate sodium and fluid balance may be impaired due to inflammation and decreased glomerular filtration. Fluid retention and peripheral edema are common. A low-sodium diet helps reduce fluid retention and manage edema.
C) Low carbohydrate, low-protein diet:
Low-carbohydrate and low-protein diets are not the main dietary considerations for acute glomerulonephritis. The primary focus is on managing sodium and fluid intake due to impaired kidney function.
D) Regular diet, no added salt:
A regular diet without added salt might exacerbate the fluid retention and edema associated with acute glomerulonephritis. Sodium intake needs to be controlled to prevent further fluid buildup.