Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
What is the maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after maximum inspiration?
A. Expiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume: Expiratory reserve volume is the additional air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal exhalation, not the maximum after a maximal inhalation.
B. Inspiratory capacity
Inspiratory capacity: Inspiratory capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal exhalation (tidal volume + inspiratory reserve), not the total that can be expelled after maximum inspiration.
C. Vital capacity
Vital capacity: Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after a maximum inspiration (inspiratory reserve + tidal + expiratory reserve) .
D. Tidal volume
Tidal volume: Tidal volume is the volume of a normal, resting breath and is far less than the maximum expelled volume.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II PROCTORED EXAM (ARIZONA COLLEGE). Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
A. Expiratory reserve volume: Expiratory reserve volume is the additional air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal exhalation, not the maximum after a maximal inhalation.
B. Inspiratory capacity: Inspiratory capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal exhalation (tidal volume + inspiratory reserve), not the total that can be expelled after maximum inspiration.
C. Vital capacity: Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after a maximum inspiration (inspiratory reserve + tidal + expiratory reserve) .
D. Tidal volume: Tidal volume is the volume of a normal, resting breath and is far less than the maximum expelled volume.
Similar Questions
Which of the following are functions of estrogen? (Select all that apply)
A. Protects against heart disease
Protects against heart disease: Estrogen has several effects on the cardiovascular system (improving lipid profile and vascular function) that are thought to reduce cardiovascular risk prior to menopause.
B. Helps regulate the menstrual cycle
Helps regulate the menstrual cycle: Estrogen is a key ovarian hormone that helps regulate the growth of the endometrium and the timing of the menstrual cycle .
C. Promotes bone growth
Promotes bone growth: Estrogen is essential for bone homeostasis, inhibiting bone resorption and helping maintain bone density .
D. Increases testosterone production
Increases testosterone production: Estrogen does not increase testosterone production; testosterone is produced by Leydig cells in males (and ovaries/adrenals in females) and is not a primary product increased by estrogen .
Full Explanation
A. Protects against heart disease: Estrogen has several effects on the cardiovascular system (improving lipid profile and vascular function) that are thought to reduce cardiovascular risk prior to menopause.
B. Helps regulate the menstrual cycle: Estrogen is a key ovarian hormone that helps regulate the growth of the endometrium and the timing of the menstrual cycle .
C. Promotes bone growth: Estrogen is essential for bone homeostasis, inhibiting bone resorption and helping maintain bone density .
D. Increases testosterone production: Estrogen does not increase testosterone production; testosterone is produced by Leydig cells in males (and ovaries/adrenals in females) and is not a primary product increased by estrogen .
Which of the following sequences correctly represents the layers of the alimentary canal from the most visceral (deep) to the most superficial (surface)?
A. Muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa, serosa
Muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa, serosa: This is out of order -muscularis externa is deeper than serosa but more superficial than the mucosa, so this ordering is incorrect.
B. Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa: The mucosa (deepest layer lining the lumen) → submucosa → muscularis externa → serosa (outermost) is the correct sequence from deep to superficial .
C. Serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa
Serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa: This lists the layers from superficial to deep (reverse of what the question asked), so incorrect for deep to superficial.
D. Submucosa, mucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
Submucosa, mucosa, muscularis externa, serosa: This places submucosa deeper than mucosa (wrong); incorrect order.
Full Explanation
A. Muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa, serosa: This is out of order -muscularis externa is deeper than serosa but more superficial than the mucosa, so this ordering is incorrect.
B. Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa: The mucosa (deepest layer lining the lumen) → submucosa → muscularis externa → serosa (outermost) is the correct sequence from deep to superficial .
C. Serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa: This lists the layers from superficial to deep (reverse of what the question asked), so incorrect for deep to superficial.
D. Submucosa, mucosa, muscularis externa, serosa: This places submucosa deeper than mucosa (wrong); incorrect order.
An instructor is reviewing the physiology of the female reproductive system with a group of students. In discussing the uterine anatomy, the instructor emphasizes the role of the myometrium. Which statement accurately reflects a function of the uterine myometrium?
A. Responsible for uterine contractions
Responsible for uterine contractions: The myometrium is the thick middle layer of uterine smooth muscle and is the contractile layer responsible for rhythmic uterine contractions (e.g., labor, Braxton–Hicks) .
B. Primary support for the uterus
Primary support for the uterus: Structural support of the uterus is provided mainly by pelvic ligaments and pelvic floor muscles; this is not the primary role of the myometrium.
C. Thickens in response to estrogen
Thickens in response to estrogen: The endometrium (the mucosal lining) thickens cyclically in response to estrogen; the myometrium undergoes hypertrophy in pregnancy but is not the layer described by cyclic thickening of the uterine lining.
D. Covers the exterior portion of the uterus
Covers the exterior portion of the uterus: The outer covering of the uterus is the perimetrium (serosa), not the myometrium.
Full Explanation
A. Responsible for uterine contractions: The myometrium is the thick middle layer of uterine smooth muscle and is the contractile layer responsible for rhythmic uterine contractions (e.g., labor, Braxton–Hicks) .
B. Primary support for the uterus: Structural support of the uterus is provided mainly by pelvic ligaments and pelvic floor muscles; this is not the primary role of the myometrium.
C. Thickens in response to estrogen: The endometrium (the mucosal lining) thickens cyclically in response to estrogen; the myometrium undergoes hypertrophy in pregnancy but is not the layer described by cyclic thickening of the uterine lining.
D. Covers the exterior portion of the uterus: The outer covering of the uterus is the perimetrium (serosa), not the myometrium.