Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
Which of the following is a key difference between Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in children?
A. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is more commonly associated with painless, enlarged lymph nodes than Hodgkin's lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is more commonly associated with painless, enlarged lymph nodes than Hodgkin's lymphoma is incorrect because both HL and NHL can present with painless lymphadenopathy, so this is not a distinguishing feature.
B. Hodgkin's lymphoma presents with a more aggressive course than Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Hodgkin's lymphoma presents with a more aggressive course than Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is incorrect because, in children, Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma generally has a more aggressive and rapid course compared with Hodgkin’s lymphoma, which usually progresses more slowly.
C. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma typically involves the reed-Sternberg cells
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma typically involves the Reed-Sternberg cells is incorrect because Reed-Sternberg cells are characteristic of Hodgkin’s lymphoma, not Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Their presence is a key diagnostic feature of HL.
D. Hodgkin's lymphoma usually has a more predictable and localized spread than Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Hodgkin's lymphoma usually has a more predictable and localized spread than Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is correct. Hodgkin’s lymphoma tends to spread in a contiguous, orderly fashion from one lymph node group to another, often starting in cervical or supraclavicular nodes. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, in contrast, tends to spread more diffusely and rapidly, involving extranodal sites such as the gastrointestinal tract, mediastinum, and bone marrow.
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Full Explanation
A. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is more commonly associated with painless, enlarged lymph nodes than Hodgkin's lymphoma is incorrect because both HL and NHL can present with painless lymphadenopathy, so this is not a distinguishing feature.
B. Hodgkin's lymphoma presents with a more aggressive course than Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is incorrect because, in children, Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma generally has a more aggressive and rapid course compared with Hodgkin’s lymphoma, which usually progresses more slowly.
C. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma typically involves the Reed-Sternberg cells is incorrect because Reed-Sternberg cells are characteristic of Hodgkin’s lymphoma, not Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Their presence is a key diagnostic feature of HL.
D. Hodgkin's lymphoma usually has a more predictable and localized spread than Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is correct. Hodgkin’s lymphoma tends to spread in a contiguous, orderly fashion from one lymph node group to another, often starting in cervical or supraclavicular nodes. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, in contrast, tends to spread more diffusely and rapidly, involving extranodal sites such as the gastrointestinal tract, mediastinum, and bone marrow.
Similar Questions
A nurse is caring for a hospitalized child and family using a family-centered care approach. Which nursing action best demonstrates the principle that the family is the constant in the child's life?
A. Limiting family involvement to scheduled visiting hours
Limiting family involvement to scheduled visiting hours is incorrect because family-centered care promotes unrestricted or flexible family presence. Restricting involvement contradicts the idea that the family plays a continuous and central role in the child’s life.
B. Encouraging the family to follow unit routines without modification
Encouraging the family to follow unit routines without modification is incorrect because family-centered care values collaboration and flexibility. Care should be adapted to meet the needs of the child and family, not force the family to conform to rigid hospital routines.
C. Assuming the healthcare team is the primary source of support for the child
Assuming the healthcare team is the primary source of support for the child is incorrect because, in family-centered care, the family—not the healthcare team—is recognized as the primary and constant source of support, comfort, and advocacy for the child.
D. Involving the family in care planning and decision-making for the child
Involving the family in care planning and decision-making for the child is correct because it acknowledges that the family is the constant in the child’s life. This approach respects the family’s knowledge of the child, promotes collaboration, and supports continuity of care across healthcare settings.
Full Explanation
A. Limiting family involvement to scheduled visiting hours is incorrect because family-centered care promotes unrestricted or flexible family presence. Restricting involvement contradicts the idea that the family plays a continuous and central role in the child’s life.
B. Encouraging the family to follow unit routines without modification is incorrect because family-centered care values collaboration and flexibility. Care should be adapted to meet the needs of the child and family, not force the family to conform to rigid hospital routines.
C. Assuming the healthcare team is the primary source of support for the child is incorrect because, in family-centered care, the family—not the healthcare team—is recognized as the primary and constant source of support, comfort, and advocacy for the child.
D. Involving the family in care planning and decision-making for the child is correct because it acknowledges that the family is the constant in the child’s life. This approach respects the family’s knowledge of the child, promotes collaboration, and supports continuity of care across healthcare settings.
A 5-year-old child with cystic fibrosis (CF) is being seen for a follow-up visit. The parents report that the child has difficulty gaining weight despite a high- calorie diet and frequently experiences loose, fatty stools. The healthcare provider prescribes pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) to assist with digestion. Which of the following statements best explains why children with CF require digestive enzymes?
A. CF causes thickened mucus that obstructs the pancreas, preventing the release of digestive enzymes
CF causes thickened mucus that obstructs the pancreas, preventing the release of digestive enzymes is correct because cystic fibrosis leads to thick, sticky secretions that block pancreatic ducts. This prevents digestive enzymes from reaching the small intestine, resulting in malabsorption of fats, proteins, and fat-soluble vitamins, which causes poor weight gain and steatorrhea (fatty stools).
B. Children with CF have an overproduction of digestive enzymes, leading to malabsorption
Children with CF have an overproduction of digestive enzymes, leading to malabsorption is incorrect because the problem in CF is insufficient delivery of enzymes to the intestine, not overproduction.
C. Digestive enzymes are needed to break down fat, which children with CF can digest more efficiently than carbohydrates
Digestive enzymes are needed to break down fat, which children with CF can digest more efficiently than carbohydrates is incorrect because children with CF have difficulty digesting fats due to lack of pancreatic enzymes. They do not digest fat more efficiently; instead, fat malabsorption is a hallmark of the disease.
D. Pancreatic enzyme replacement is only required when children develop diabetes, a common complication of CF
Pancreatic enzyme replacement is only required when children develop diabetes, a common complication of CF is incorrect because PERT is required due to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, not diabetes. Diabetes in CF results from endocrine pancreatic dysfunction and is unrelated to the need for digestive enzymes.
Full Explanation
A. CF causes thickened mucus that obstructs the pancreas, preventing the release of digestive enzymes is correct because cystic fibrosis leads to thick, sticky secretions that block pancreatic ducts. This prevents digestive enzymes from reaching the small intestine, resulting in malabsorption of fats, proteins, and fat-soluble vitamins, which causes poor weight gain and steatorrhea (fatty stools).
B. Children with CF have an overproduction of digestive enzymes, leading to malabsorption is incorrect because the problem in CF is insufficient delivery of enzymes to the intestine, not overproduction.
C. Digestive enzymes are needed to break down fat, which children with CF can digest more efficiently than carbohydrates is incorrect because children with CF have difficulty digesting fats due to lack of pancreatic enzymes. They do not digest fat more efficiently; instead, fat malabsorption is a hallmark of the disease.
D. Pancreatic enzyme replacement is only required when children develop diabetes, a common complication of CF is incorrect because PERT is required due to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, not diabetes. Diabetes in CF results from endocrine pancreatic dysfunction and is unrelated to the need for digestive enzymes.
What is an advantage of peritoneal dialysis?
A. Treatments are done in hospitals.
Treatments are done in hospitals is incorrect because peritoneal dialysis is typically performed at home, not exclusively in hospitals. Home-based treatment is one of its key distinctions from hemodialysis.
B. Protein loss is less extensive
Protein loss is less extensive is incorrect because peritoneal dialysis is associated with greater protein loss compared with hemodialysis due to protein leakage across the peritoneal membrane.
C. Parents and older children can perform treatments.
Parents and older children can perform treatments is correct because peritoneal dialysis can be done at home after proper training. This allows greater independence, flexibility, and a more normal lifestyle for children and families.
D. Dietary limitations are not necessary.
Dietary limitations are not necessary is incorrect because dietary and fluid restrictions are still required with peritoneal dialysis, although they may be less strict than with hemodialysis.
Full Explanation
A. Treatments are done in hospitals is incorrect because peritoneal dialysis is typically performed at home, not exclusively in hospitals. Home-based treatment is one of its key distinctions from hemodialysis.
B. Protein loss is less extensive is incorrect because peritoneal dialysis is associated with greater protein loss compared with hemodialysis due to protein leakage across the peritoneal membrane.
C. Parents and older children can perform treatments is correct because peritoneal dialysis can be done at home after proper training. This allows greater independence, flexibility, and a more normal lifestyle for children and families.
D. Dietary limitations are not necessary is incorrect because dietary and fluid restrictions are still required with peritoneal dialysis, although they may be less strict than with hemodialysis.