Nursing practice questions with comprehensive rationales
NurseDive Free Nursing Practice Question
Which of the following sequences correctly represents the order air passes through during inhalation in the respiratory system?
A. Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli: This correctly lists the anatomical pathway air follows from entry to the gas-exchange sites.
B. Nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
Nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli: This places the trachea before the larynx (incorrect order); the larynx is between the pharynx and trachea.
C. Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli: This incorrectly reverses bronchioles and bronchi -bronchi branch into bronchioles, not the other way around.
D. Nasal cavity, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
Nasal cavity, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli: This places the larynx before the pharynx (incorrect); air passes through the pharynx first then the larynx.
This question is an excerpt from Nurse Dive's nursing test bank - HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II PROCTORED EXAM (ARIZONA COLLEGE). Take the full exam now
Full Explanation
A. Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli: This correctly lists the anatomical pathway air follows from entry to the gas-exchange sites.
B. Nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli: This places the trachea before the larynx (incorrect order); the larynx is between the pharynx and trachea.
C. Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli: This incorrectly reverses bronchioles and bronchi -bronchi branch into bronchioles, not the other way around.
D. Nasal cavity, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli: This places the larynx before the pharynx (incorrect); air passes through the pharynx first then the larynx.
Similar Questions
The capillaries and lymphatics that transport nutrients absorbed across the wall of the GI organs lie in the
A. Muscularis
Muscularis: The muscularis is the smooth muscle layer responsible for peristalsis/segmentation; it contains muscle, not the primary capillary/lymphatic beds for nutrient absorption.
B. Mucosal epithelium
Mucosal epithelium: The epithelial layer faces the lumen and absorbs nutrients at the cell surface, but the transport capillaries/lymphatics lie deeper than the epithelium.
C. Serosa
Serosa: The serosa is the outer connective tissue covering of the gut -it does not contain the nutrient capillaries and lacteals.
D. Lamina propria
Lamina propria: The lamina propria (a connective tissue layer within the mucosa) contains blood capillaries and lymphatic lacteals that transport absorbed nutrients.
Full Explanation
A. Muscularis: The muscularis is the smooth muscle layer responsible for peristalsis/segmentation; it contains muscle, not the primary capillary/lymphatic beds for nutrient absorption.
B. Mucosal epithelium: The epithelial layer faces the lumen and absorbs nutrients at the cell surface, but the transport capillaries/lymphatics lie deeper than the epithelium.
C. Serosa: The serosa is the outer connective tissue covering of the gut -it does not contain the nutrient capillaries and lacteals.
D. Lamina propria: The lamina propria (a connective tissue layer within the mucosa) contains blood capillaries and lymphatic lacteals that transport absorbed nutrients.
Which of the following is involved in mechanical digestion of food?
A. Enzymes
Enzymes: Enzymes (salivary, gastric, pancreatic, brush-border) mediate chemical digestion by breaking down macromolecules -not mechanical digestion.
B. Peristalsis
Peristalsis: Peristalsis is a muscular movement that propels and helps mechanically mix food; it is a form of mechanical digestion/transport.
C. Gastric Juice
Gastric Juice: Gastric juice (HCl, pepsinogen) contributes to chemical digestion and acidic breakdown of proteins, not mechanical breakdown.
D. Hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid: HCl denatures proteins and activates pepsinogen (chemical digestion); it is not a mechanical process.
Full Explanation
A. Enzymes: Enzymes (salivary, gastric, pancreatic, brush-border) mediate chemical digestion by breaking down macromolecules -not mechanical digestion.
B. Peristalsis: Peristalsis is a muscular movement that propels and helps mechanically mix food; it is a form of mechanical digestion/transport.
C. Gastric Juice: Gastric juice (HCl, pepsinogen) contributes to chemical digestion and acidic breakdown of proteins, not mechanical breakdown.
D. Hydrochloric acid: HCl denatures proteins and activates pepsinogen (chemical digestion); it is not a mechanical process.
Mechanical breakdown of food begins with: (Select all that apply)
A. Gallbladder
Gallbladder: The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile and does not perform mechanical breakdown of food -not a mechanical breakdown structure.
B. Tongue
Tongue: The tongue manipulates and positions food for chewing and helps form the bolus (mechanical processing) -contributes to mechanical breakdown (correct).
C. Teeth
Teeth: Teeth chew and physically break food into smaller pieces (mastication), which is the primary start of mechanical digestion -directly responsible for mechanical breakdown (correct).
D. Stomach
Stomach: The stomach performs mechanical churning and mixing of food (mechanical digestion) but it is not the beginning of mechanical breakdown -chewing in the mouth begins it.
Full Explanation
A. Gallbladder: The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile and does not perform mechanical breakdown of food -not a mechanical breakdown structure.
B. Tongue: The tongue manipulates and positions food for chewing and helps form the bolus (mechanical processing) -contributes to mechanical breakdown (correct).
C. Teeth: Teeth chew and physically break food into smaller pieces (mastication), which is the primary start of mechanical digestion -directly responsible for mechanical breakdown (correct).
D. Stomach: The stomach performs mechanical churning and mixing of food (mechanical digestion) but it is not the beginning of mechanical breakdown -chewing in the mouth begins it.